ERP

A non-conformity detected at the end of the production line rarely originates on the line itself. In most industrial environments, its root cause can be traced back to an incorrect document, data record, or reference: a Bill of Materials (BOM) that was not updated following an ECO, a manufacturing routing that is out of sync between the PLM and ERP systems, or a supplier record containing an incorrect Part Number. According to the American Society for Quality (ASQ), the cost of poor quality accounts for 15–20% of a manufacturer's annual revenue in a typical organization, with most of these costs remaining invisible in standard performance dashboards.